Theoretical and Mechanical Analysis of the Gravitational-Centrifugal Seed Discharge Process by the Modernized Bucket of the NF-1 Bucket Elevator

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical and mechanical substantiation of the gravitational-centrifugal seed discharge process performed by a modernized bucket of the NF-1 bucket elevator. The research is aimed at determining the patterns of force interaction between the seed portion and the bucket working surfaces during its movement around the drive drum, as well as evaluating the influence of bucket geometry on the efficiency of the unloading process and the reduction of seed damage.

The research combined experimental observations with theoretical and mechanical analysis. High-speed video recording of the unloading process was used to identify the characteristic stages of seed movement within the bucket and during discharge. Based on the obtained video materials, four technological phases of the unloading process were distinguished. The theoretical analysis was carried out using Newton’s second law, D’Alembert’s principle, and the fundamental relationships of classical mechanics. The interaction between the seed mass and the working surfaces of the bucket was investigated for wheat, soybean, and sunflower seeds under actual operating conditions of the NF-1 bucket elevator. Particular attention was paid to the redistribution of gravitational, inertial, and friction forces in different sectors of the drive drum rotation. The obtained analytical results were compared with experimental observations and previously published research data.

The conducted study confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed bucket design for gravitational-centrifugal unloading of seed material. It was established that the elongated rear wall provides stable movement and controlled discharge of the seed mass, while the shortened bottom section contributes to more complete bucket emptying and reduces seed fallback into the elevator casing. The obtained results may be used in the design and improvement of bucket elevators intended for gentle transportation of seed material. Further research is focused on the development and testing of bucket designs with improved geometric parameters and enhanced operating characteristics.